Engineering Projects & Experience

Maze Generation System

C++ Data Structures & Algorithms

Programmed a two-dimensional grid application in C++ dedicated to generating perfect rectangular mazes. Constructed the core generation engine using a randomized graph-theory approach, ensuring a singular continuous path links any two coordinates. Managed structural arrays and visual output formatting to produce clear, console-ready puzzle layouts for end-users.

• Implemented Kruskal's algorithm and disjoint-set (union-find) data structures to model the maze as a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST).
• Designed efficient grid initialization and randomized edge generation via `std::shuffle()` to ensure unique maze layouts on every execution.
• Rendered the final generated spanning tree using an ASCII-based console visualization.

C++ Kruskal's Algorithm Graph Theory

Class AB Audio Amplifier with Darlington Buffer

Discrete Multi-Stage Amplifier Design

Constructed a physical, low-voltage audio amplification circuit tailored to drive standard low-impedance loads. Engineered the internal architecture by coupling a common-emitter core with a buffer and a push-pull driver stage. Solved critical loading effect issues and ensured clean signal delivery through targeted component calibration and precise frequency cutoff tuning.

• Achieved a total system gain of 230.26 V/V and a peak-to-peak output of 2.6V, exceeding simulated predictions.
• Confirmed operational bandwidth of 500 Hz to 10.9 kHz, optimized for mid-range audio reproduction.
• Conducted rigorous LTspice simulations and hardware breadboard testing, utilizing diode biasing to minimize crossover distortion.

LTspice BJT Analysis Circuit Design

5-Stage DC Motor Speed Controller

Pulse-Width Modulation Implementation

Engineered an analog speed control unit for direct-current motors utilizing custom-built oscillator stages. Designed the underlying timing architecture with interconnected multivibrator circuits to manipulate terminal voltage precisely. Transitioned the completed schematic from digital simulation environments directly into a soldered physical prototype to regulate mechanical output dynamically.

• Generated a PWM signal operating at 4000 Hz, with a tunable duty cycle swinging from 55% to 85% via potentiometer control.
• Conditioned the astable output using an intermediate gain stage (common-emitter switch) to cleanly trigger the monostable network.
• Successfully built and verified the circuit on a breadboard, adhering within a strict ±100 Hz and 5% tolerance margin.

Analog Electronics LTspice PWM Control

Automatic Washing Machine PLC Control

Industrial Automation Logic Design

Programmed a Siemens Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) using Ladder Diagram to automate the cycle sequences of a washing machine. The system interfaced with pushbutton controls, pilot lamp indicators, and contactor relays.

• Developed complex logic to manage variable Wash, Rinse, and Spin cycles dynamically based on user-selected load levels and program types (Normal, Delicate, Heavy).
• Simulated bidirectional drum movement by alternating CW and CCW jogs of a Shunt DC Machine with precise hold intervals.
• Implemented safety interlocks, including an emergency stop feature with dynamic braking, and state-retention pausing functions.

Siemens PLC Ladder Logic Motor Control